The Martians of Budapest
Isaac Asimov once said, "There is a rumor in America that there are two intelligent races on earth: Humans and Hungarians”. “The Martians of Budapest”, sometimes simply “The Martians” is a colloquial term used to describe a group of prominent Hungarian physicists and mathematicians who emigrated to the United States following the Great Purge of 1933. The term refers to — what appeared, from the perspective of Americans —to be a group of men with superhuman intellects, arriving from an obscure country and speaking an incomprehensible foreign language. Scientists typically thought to belong to the group include refugees from the University of Göttingen, early associates of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and members of The Manhattan Project, including: John von Neumann, Paul Erdős, Eugene Wigner, Leó Szilárd, Edward Teller, Theodore von Kármán, Paul Halmos, George Polya, John Kemeny and John Hersányi. John von Neumann (1903–1957): The polymath genius g...

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